Good Tips for Exercising in Cold Weather with Arthritis

Winter weather is right around the corner, and while it’s tempting to huddle up on the sofa on cold days, arthritis knows no season. A lack of activity can cause your joints to become stiff, so move it or lose it. Exercise eases arthritis pain, increases strength and flexibility, and boosts your energy.

Studies show that people with arthritis and related diseases benefit from regular exercise. Exercise lessens pain and improves your overall quality of life. As they say, “A body in motion stays in motion.” Below are several tips on exercising in cold weather.

#1: Time it right

Joint stiffness is usually worse when you first wake up, making an early morning workout uncomfortable and painful. Take your walk later in the day when it is warmer outside and your joints have loosened up. Plus, if you are taking pain medications, it gives them a chance to kick in before you exercise. To warm up joints faster, try popping your workout clothes in the dryer for five minutes while you get ready.

#2: Dress in loose layers

Dress in comfortable layers that you can take off as you warm up and put on (or zip back up). Loose layers trap body heat and keep joints warm. Be careful not to overdress, however. After your warm-up, you can potentially become overheated if you are wearing too many layers. In general, start with a thin synthetic layer (not cotton), add a layer of fleece, and top with a waterproof, breathable outer layer.

#3: Drink up

Hydration is most often associated with sweat and the summer months, but it is just as important to drink plenty of water in winter, too. You still sweat and lose fluid in cold weather.  Dehydration can affect mood and even brain function. In general, drink about 16 ounces (two cups) of water two hours before a workout.

#4: Protect your extremities

Working out in cold weather exposes your hands, feet, ears, and nose to severe temperatures. “If you suffer from Raynaud, use chemical hand warmers in your gloves and boots,” says Nathan Wei, MD, director of the Arthritis Treatment Center in Frederick, Maryland. And wear mittens instead of gloves since they keep your hands warmer. A hat or beanie is ideal for keeping your ears covered and reduces the amount of heat you lose from the top of your head.

#5: Wear sunblock

Don’t let cold weather deceive you: Sunny winter days are just as likely to result in sunburn.  This is especially true if you have psoriasis or lupus or if you take NSAIDs or methotrexate, which can make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Make sure you wear appropriate sunscreen (SPF 50) on exposed parts and protect your eyes with sunglasses or ski goggles. Remember to reapply if you are sweating or after more than two hours outdoors. Include a soothing lip balm with sunscreen to prevent windburn and sunburn as well. 

#6: Safety first

Always bring a phone and let people know where you are going, says Holland. If you slip or fall while walking or biking, it is a good idea someone knows where they can find you. In addition, choose a neighborhood that is familiar to you, so if large snowbanks or road detours prevent you from taking your regular route, you know how to find your way back home, Holland adds.

#7: Warm up and cool down

Before you go outside, spend a few minutes warming up, which is especially important when you have arthritis, says Holland. The goal is to warm up your core. This helps loosen up your joints and gives your muscles added flexibility. Warm up by marching in place or on a treadmill for five to 10 minutes at a comfortable pace and then stretching out all major muscle groups. After your workout, take time to cool down and stretch out afterward as well.

#8: Think low-impact

Cardiovascular exercise does not have to include high-impact exercise such as skiing, jogging, or running. In fact, Dr. Wei recommends low-impact exercises such as snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, or walking. These sports are not only easier on the joints but provide all the many benefits of physical activity.

#9: Take it inside

On the coldest winter days, it is best to work out indoors, where you can control the environment better, says Wei. Walk at the mall, hop on a stationary bike, go for a swim at the local aquatic center, or take an exercise class at the gym. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, cold weather itself should not be a barrier to exercising outdoors, especially if you are accustomed to it. However, those with Raynaud’s syndrome, heart disease, or asthma are at the highest risk of being impacted by the cold and may need to avoid outdoor exercise in frigid temperatures altogether.

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